HERBAL
MEDICINAL
PLANT
----------------------------------------------------------
CELERY
Apium graveolens L.
(Apiaceae/Umbelliferae)
+++
BY
RETTODWIKART THENU
(seh’luh-ree)
Apium
graveolens L. +++
SUMMARY AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMMENT
Celery
fruit should not be confused with the commercial celery stem, which is commonly
eaten as a food. The chemistry of celery fruit is well studied and the
phototoxic furanocoumarin constituents are well documented. Phototoxicity
appears to be associated with the handling of the celery stems, especially diseased
plant material. Limited scientific evidence is available to justify the herbal
uses of celery, although bacteriostatic activity has been documented for the
oil. Celery fruit should be used cautiously in view of the documented allergic
reactions.
OTHER COMMON NAMES
Apium, celery seed, celery seed
oil, marsh parsley, smallage, wild cherry
DESCRIPTION
MEDICINAL PARTS:
The medicinal parts are the root, aboveground foliage
and stems, the fruit (seeds) of the plant and the oil extracted from the seeds.
FLOWER
AND FRUIT: The
umbels are greenish-white, small, 6 to 12 rayed, star-shaped and splayed. Some
umbels are topheavy, short petioled or sessile, and some are terminal and more
or less long-petioled with no involucre. Petals are usually 0.5 mm, white or greenish
to yellowish, cordate at the base and have indented tips. The fruit is almost
spherical and somewhat compressed at the side. The 5 mm mericarps are rounded
in section. They are 5-cornered with 5 equal, weakly protruding, bow-shaped
main ribs. The edge of the ribs form the edge of the mericarps. The fruit axis
is bristly and slightly crenate at the tip.
LEAVES,
STEM AND ROOT: The
glabrous plant is a biennial and reaches a height of 30 to 100 cm. The root of
the wild variety is fusiform, about 5 to 7 mm thick, branched and becomes woody
in the second year. The root of the cultivated variety is fleshy, roundly
tuberous and reaches a diameter of over 15 cm. The stem is erect, with edged
grooves, often hollow and branched. The leaves are glossy and rich green. The
basal and lower cauline leaves are more or less long-petioled and pinnatifid.
The upper cauline leaves are sometimes opposite. They are on short white-membrane-edged
sheaths and are almost sessile and tri-pinnate. The lower leaves are roundish, almost
blunt at the base with broad, lozenge-shaped, indented-serrate, blunt and
short-thorned tips. The upper cauline leaves are wedge-shaped and acuminate,
also 3-lobed or pinnate or lanceolate and entire-margined.
CHARACTERISTICS:
The plant has a strong odor.
PRODUCTION:
Celery seed consists of the fruit of Apium graveolons;
celery herb consists of the fresh or dried aboveground parts of the plant; and
celery root is the plant's fresh or dried underground parts.
OTHER
NAMES: Smallage
SPECIES (FAMILY)
Apium
graveolens L.
(Apiaceae/Umbelliferae)
SYNONYM(S)
Apii Fructus, Celery Fruit, Celery Seed, Smallage, Wild Celery
ORIGIN
Celery is a biennial found
worldwide.
Celery
is found in Europe from England and Lapland to southern Russia. The plant also
grows in western Asia as far as eastern India; in northern and southern Africa and
South America; and is cultivated and grows wild in North America, Mexico and
Argentina.
PHARMACOPODIAL AND OTHER MONOGRAPHS
BHC 1992(G6)
BHP 1996(G9)
Martindale 35th edition(G85)
LEGAL CATEGORY (LICENSED PRODUCTS)
GSL(G37)
CONSTITUENTS
The following is
compiled from several sources, including General References G2, G6, G48 and
G58.
Flavonoids
Apigenin, apiin, isoquercitrin and others.(1)
Coumarins
Apigravin, apiumetin, apiumoside, bergapten, celerin, celereoside, isoimperatorin,
isopimpinellin, osthenol, rutaretin, seselin, umbelliferone and
8-hydroxy-5-methoxypsoralen.(1–9) Low concentrations (not exceeding 1.3 ppm) of
furanocoumarins have been identified in commercial celery,(10) although concentrations
are reported to rise considerably in diseased stems.(11)
Volatile oils 2–3%. Many components including
limonene (60%) and selenine (10–15%), and various sesquiterpene alcohols (1–3%),
e.g. a-eudesmol and b-eudesmol, santalol.(12, 13) Phthalide compounds,
3-n-butyl phthalide and sedanenolide, provide the characteristic odour of the oil
(presence of sedanolide and sedanonic anhydride disputed).(14, 15)
Other constituents Choline ascorbate,(16) fatty
acids (e.g linoleic, myristic, myristicic, myristoleic, oleic, palmitic,
palmitoleic, petroselinic and stearic acids).
ACTIONS AND
PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS:
CELERY SEED (FRUIT)
Volatile oil: chief
constituents ((:) - limonene, beta-selinene, phthalides among them 3-butyliden
phthalide, 3-butyl phthalide, 3-isovaleryliden-3a, 4-dihydrophthaIid,
3-isobutyliden phthalide, sedanoid, neocnidilid)
Flavonoids: graveobioside A
and B, apiin, isoquercitrin
Furocoumarins: including bergapten,
isoimperatorin, isopimpinellin
Fatty oil
USES
USES
Celery seeds are used to treat hypertension, seizure
disorders, as a diuretic, and to stimulate labor. Celery juice is used to treat
edema, hypertension, joint infl ammation, anxiety, and headache. Celery is also
used to treat diabetes and has an antiplatelet activity. Therapeutic use in the
United States is uncommon.
FOOD USE
Celery
is listed by the Council of Europe as a natural source of food flavouring
(category N2). This category indicates that celery can be added to foodstuffs
in small quantities, with a possible limitation of an active principle (as yet
unspecified) in the final product.(G16) Celery stem (not the fruit) is commonly
used in foods. Previously, celery seed has been listed as GRAS (Generally Recognised
As Safe).(G41)
HERBAL USE
Celery
is stated to possess antirheumatic, sedative, mild diuretic and urinary
antiseptic properties. It has been used for arthritis, rheumatism, gout,
urinary tract inflammation, and specifically for rheumatoid arthritis with
mental depression.(G2, G6, G7, G8,G64)
Figure 1. Celery
(Apium graveolens).
Figure 2. Celery
– dried drug substance (root).
Figure 3. Celery
– dried drug substance (fruit).
s
ACTIONS
Antihypertensive/Anticholesterol
Action
Studies
using dogs have shown that celery products lower the levels of circulating dopamine,
norepinephrine, and epinephrine. This action is believed to result from the
ability of celery to inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase. These fi ndings support the traditional
use of celery as an antihypertensive (Le Ot et al, 1992). Drinking aqueous
celery extract for 8 weeks caused a signifi cant reduction in serum total cholesterol
in rats. The action was due to increased bile acid excretion (Tsi et al, 2000).
Anticonvulsant
Action
One
of the chemical components of celery, an alkaloid, has been shown to be an effective
anticonvulsant (Yu et al, 1984). In one study, celery seeds were able to protect
rats and mice from seizures initiated by chemical, audio, and electric means. The
seeds contain an alkaloid that exerts both anticonvulsant and central nervous system
depressant actions (Kulshrestha et al, 1970).
Other Actions
Studies
have shown that apigenin, one of the chemical components of celery, exerts a
strong antiplatelet effect and also inhibits the formation of thromboxane B
(Teng et al, 1988). Information has also become available regarding the antifungal
effects of celery (Jain et al, 1973). In addition, the oil may possess hypoglycemic
and antitumor effects. Caution needs to be exercised with the use of celery in
geriatric patients, because celery allergy has been underestimated (Untersmayr
et al, 2008).
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
IN VITRO AND ANIMAL STUDIES
In
mice, sedative and antispasmodic activities have been documented for the
phthalide constituents.(17, G22) Celery seed oil has been reported to exhibit bacteriostatic
activity against Bacillus subtilis,
Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella
dysenteriae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus
faecalis, Bacillus pumilus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas solanacearum.(9)
No activity was observed against Escherichia
coli, Sarcina lutea or Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
Apigenin
has exhibited potent antiplatelet activity in vitro, inhibiting the aggregation
of rabbit platelets induced by collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid and platelet-activating
factor (PAF), but not that induced by thrombin or ionophore A23187.(18) Studies
with celery plant extracts have demonstrated antiinflammatory activity in the
mouse ear test and against carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema,(19) and a
hypotensive effect in rabbits and dogs after intravenous administration.(G41) In
addition, hypoglycaemic activity has been documented.(G22) Celery juice has
been reported to exhibit choleretic activity and the phthalide constituents are
stated to possess diuretic activity.(13)
CLINICAL STUDIES
There
is a lack of clinical research assessing the effects of celery fruit and
rigorous randomised controlled clinical trials are required.
ACTIVITIES
Abortifacient
(f; CAN; KAB); Analgesic (1; FEL; FNF; KAB; PED); Anthelminthic (f; KAB; PH2);
Antiaggregant (1; FNF; CAN); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1;
FNF; PNC); Antibacterial (1; CAN; FNF; PH2); Anticancer (1; APA; COX); Anticonvulsant
(1; APA; KAP; MPI; PH2); Antidepressant (f; CAN; PED); Antidiabetic (f; MAM); Antiedemic
(1; CAN); Antiepileptic (1; PNC); Antigalactic (f; JFM); Antiinflammatory (1;
APA; FNF; PNC); Antioxidant (1; FNF; PED); Antirheumatic (1; FNF; PED; PNC);
Antiseptic (1; FNF; KAP; PED); Antispasmodic (1; CRC; KAP; PED; WO2); Antitumor
(1; APA); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; KAB; KAP; PNC); Astringent
(f; KAB); Cancer (1; APA; COX); Carminative (1; CRC; FNF; KAB; PNC; WO2);
Cercaricide (1; SPI); Choleretic (1; JAD); Depurative (f; PED); Digestive (f;
MBB); Diuretic (2; APA; CAN; FNF; KAB); Emmenagogue (f; CRC; DEP; KAP); Fungicide
(1; PH2; PNC); Hepatoprotective (1; APA); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; CAN; FNF); Hypotensive
(2; APA; FNF; MAM; PNC); Lipolytic (1; APA); Nervine (f; WO2); Neurotonic (f; FEL;
KAP; WO2); Sedative (1; CRC; PED; PNC); Stimulant (1; CRC; KAB; WO2); Stomachic
(f; KAB); Tonic (1; CRC; KAB; PNC); Tranquilizer (1; KAP; WO2); Urinary
Antiseptic (1; CAN; PED; FNF); Uterotonic (1; CAN).
INDICATIONS
Alzheimer’s
(1; COX; FNF); Amenorrhea (f; CRC; DEP; KAB); Anasarca (f; CRC; DEP; KAB; WO2);
Anorexia (f; KAB; PHR; PH2); Anxiety (1; APA); Arthrosis (1; APA; FNF; PNC);
Ascites (f; KAB); Asthma (f; DEP; JFM; KAB); Bacteria (1; CAN; FNF; PH2); Bronchosis
(f; DEP; KAB); Cancer (1; APA; COX; CRC; FNF); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer,
eye (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, feet (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, liver (1; CRC; FNF);
Cancer, penis (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, stomach (1;
CRC; FNF); Cancer, testis (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, uterus (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer,
vulva (1; CRC; FNF); Cardiopathy (1;
APA; KAB); Catarrh (f; KAB); Cholecystosis (f; PH2); Colic (f; DEP; MBB; WO2);
Condyloma (f; JLH); Congestion (f; JFM); Convulsion (1; APA; KAP; MPI; PH2);
Corn (f; CRC; JLH); Cough (f; KAB; PH2); Cramp (1; CRC; KAP; PED; WO2); Cystosis
(1; APA; CAN; FNF; MBB); Depression (f; CAN; PED); Diabetes (f; APA; MAM);
Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; JFM); Dyspepsia (f; APA); Dysuria (f; KAB); Edema (f;
JFM); Enterosis (f; KAB); Epilepsy (1; PNC; WO2); Fatigue (f; PH2); Felon (f;
CRC; JLH); Fever (f; FEL; KAB); Fungus (1; PH2; PNC); Gallstone (f; PHR); Gas
(1; CRC; FNF; JFM; KAB; PNC; WO2); Gout (1; CAN; FNF; MBB; MPI; PH2); Hepatosis
(f; APA; CRC; DEP; JLH); Hiccup (f; KAB); High Blood Pressure (2; APA; CRC;
FNF; MAM; PNC); High Cholesterol (1; APA); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CAN; FNF);
Impostume (f; JLH); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (1; PH2; PNC);
Inflammation (1; APA; FNF; KAB; PNC); Insomnia (1; APA; CRC; FNF; PED; PNC);
Jaundice (f; JFM); Kidney Stone (f; PHR); Lumbago (f; CRC); Malaria (f; FEL);
Mycosis (1; PH2; PNC); Nausea (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; APA; PH2); Nervousness
(1; APA; CRC; KAP; PED; PHR; PNC; WO2); Obesity (f; APA); Ophthalmia (f; KAB);
Ovary (f; PH2); Pain (1; FEL; FNF; KAB; PED); Proctosis (f; KAB); Pulmonosis
(f; JFM); Rheumatism (1; CAN; CRC; FEL; FNF; MPI; PED; PH2; PNC); Rhinosis (f;
KAB); Scabies (f; KAB); Schistosoma (1; SPI); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Sore (f; CRC);
Splenosis (f; CRC; DEP; JLH; KAB; WO2); Sting (f; KAB); Stomachache (f; CRC;
JFM); Stone (f; DEP; PHR; PH2); Stress (1; APA); Swelling (1; CAN; FNF; MBB);
Toothache (f; KAB); Tumor (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Uterosis (f; JFM); UTI (1; CAN;
FNF); Water Retention (2; APA; CAN; FNF; KAB); Wen (f; JLH); Whitlow (f; CRC;
JLH).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
CELERY FRUIT. HERB AND ROOT
Unproven Uses: Folk medicine
use of celery and preparations of celery are used as a diuretic, for regulating
the bowels, for glandular stimulation, rheumatic complaints, gout, gall and
kidney stones. Other traditional uses include as a prophylactic for nervous
agitation, for loss of appetite and exhaustion. Celery is also used as a cough
treatment and as a helminthic.s
Homeopathic
Uses: Celery
preparations are used in homeopathy for ailments of the ovaries and rheumatism.
PRODUCT AVAILABILITY
Capsules: 450, 505 mg; seeds;
tincture
Plant Parts Used: Seeds, whole plant
DOSAGES
DOSAGES
·
Adult PO: 1⁄2-1 tsp seeds in 1
cup hot water tid (Moore, 1996)
·
Adult PO: 1-2 ml 2-5 times/day
(Smith, 1999)
DOSAGES
·
Fluid extract (1:2): 4.5–8.5 mL/day in
divided doses.
·
Decoction of dried fruit: 0.5–2 g three times
daily.
DOSAGES
Dosages
for oral administration (adults) for traditional uses recommended in older
standard herbal reference texts are given below.
·
Dried
fruits 0.5–2.0 g as a
decoction 1 : 5 three times daily.(G7)
·
Liquid
extract 0.3–1.2 mL (1 : 1 in 60% alcohol) three times daily.(G7)
·
Liquid Extract of Celery (BPC 1934) 0.3–1.2 mL.
DOSAGES
·
200 g root boiled in 500 g water taking 1 cup every 3 hours as
antigalactic (JFM); 1–2 leaves for colic (DEP);
·
1–4 g powdered seed (KAP; PNC); 1–2 tsp seed/cup water (APA);
1–2 g dry seed (PED);
·
2 g dry seed:10 ml alcohol/10 ml water (PED); 1 g mashed seed/cup
hot water (PH2);
·
1.75 tsp crushed seed/cup water (APA); 0.05–0.1 ml (PNC); 0.5–1 tsp
tincture to 3 ×/day (APA; WIC);
·
0.3–1.5 ml liquid extract (PNC); 0.3–1.2 ml liquid extract (1:1
in 60% alcohol) 3 ×/day (CAN);
·
0.5–2 g or by decoction 1:5, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2 (500 mg) capsules
(450 mg celery extract StX to contain at least 9.9 mg volatile oil in 50 mg
synergistic base of whole celery seed powder) 2 ×/day, before meals (NH). Often
standardized to 2.2% volatile oil.
DOSAGES
CELERY SEED (FRUIT)
Mode of Administration:
Whole
and powdered drug, liquid extract, and as a component in a variety of tea
mixtures. |
How Supplied:
·
Capsules
— 450 and 505 mg
·
Fluid
Extract — 1:1
Preparation: To prepare a liquid
extract, percolate 1 kg of seed in a specula process to 1 liter of fluid
extract. The essential oil is removed after filtration with paper soaked in
alcohol. For an infusion, pour boiling water on 1 g of the squeezed drug and
strain after 5 to 10 minutes. Decoctions are prepared in a 1:5 ratio.
Daily Dosage: The daily dosage
of the seeds is 1.2 to 4 g and as an infusion, 1 g drug.
Homeopathic Dosage: 5 to 10 drops, 1
tablet or 5 to 10 globules 1 to 3 times daily or 1 ml injection solution twice weekly
sc (HAB34).
Storage: Celery seed should
be kept tightly sealed, away from light and moisture.
CELERY HERB
Mode of Administration:
Whole
and cut drug as well as a variety of tea mixtures.
Preparation: Celery is
contained in a variety of tea mixtures (kidney and bladder teas).
Daily Dosage: Pressed juice of
the fresh plant: 23 g (15 ml) 3 times daily.
Homeopathic Dosage: 5 to 10 drops, 1
tablet or 5 to 10 globules 1 to 3 times daily or 1 ml injection solution twice weekly
sc (HAB34).
Storage: The herb should be
kept sealed, away from light and moisture.
CELERY ROOT
Mode of Administration:
The
drug is available in a few combination preparations for internal use.
Preparation: A cough mixture is
prepared by boiling the root juice with sugar.
Dosage: Pressed juice of
the fresh plant: 23 g (15 ml) 3. times daily.
Homeopathic Dosage: 5 to 10 drops, 1
tablet or 5 to 10 globules 1 to 3 times daily or 1 ml injection solution twice weekly
sc (HAB1).
Storage: Celery root
should be kept sealed, away from light and moisture.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
CELERY FRUIT, HERB AND ROOT
No health
hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration
of designated therapeutic dosages. Nevertheless, because of the
kidney-irritating effect of the volatile oil, the drug should not be
administered in the presence of kidney infections. Latent yeast infections of
the plant could cause the furanocoumarin content of the fresh root to rise to
200 times its original level under storage conditions. For this reason, the
relatively large amounts of furanocoumarins frequently to be found in stored
celeriac bulbs, or in incorrectly dehydrated drug samples, could lead to
phototoxicoses.
CONTRAINDICATIONS, INTERACTIONS, AND SIDE EFFECTS
CLASS 2B[5], 2D. Individuals with renal disorders should use with caution.
Commission E reports potential allergenicity, including anaphylactic shock.
Photosensitizing. Contains phototoxic furanocoumarins (AHP). CAN cautions that
the furanocoumarins may cause phototoxicity and dermatosis. Still, they summarize
that no side effects or toxicity are documented for celery seed.
Photosensitivity reactions have been reported as a result of external contact
with celery stems. Even anaphylactic reactions are reported following oral
ingestion of the stems. Archives of Dermatology (1990) reported severe
phototoxicity in a woman consuming celeriac and then going to a tanning parlor.
The new Herbal PDR (Gruenwald et al., 1998) notes that levels of phototoxic
furanocoumarins can rise 200-fold under storage conditions, especially if the
root is fungally or yeast infected (PHR). No side effects, toxicity documented
for celery fruit (CAN). Persons with kidney problems should be cautious. The
drug is contraindicated in inflammation of the kidneys, since apiaceous EOs may
increase the inflammation as a result of epithelial irritation. Contraindicated
during pregnancy (uterotonic activity demonstrated for the EO (CAN)).
Celeryseed oil abortifacient (JFM). Oil, though stated to be nonirritant, nonphototoxic,
and nonsensitizing in humans, is also reported to have uterotonic activity; the
seeds are said to affect the menstrual cycle and even to be abortifacient
(CAN). There’s a rare allergy, Birch-Celery Syndrome; people sensitive to birch
or mugwort (watch out moxibustionists) pollen may have an immediate reaction
just eating celery or taking celery seed products. “Hazards and/or side effects
not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (But, regrettably, it doesn’t
give those therapeutic dosage levels.) So far, in my 5.5 years on celery seed
extract, I have not knowingly suffered any side effects from the 2–4 capsules
or tablets I take a day, every day, without fail, for the prevention of the
gout crisis. Celery herb, seed, and root unapproved for therapeutic application,
as far as Germany’s Commission E is concerned.
CONTRA-INDICATIONS, WARNINGS
Celery
fruit contains phototoxic compounds, furanocoumarins, which may cause
photosensitive reactions. Celery fruit may precipitate allergic reactions,
particularly in individuals with existing plant, pollen or food allergies.
Diseased celery stems (indicated by a browning of the stem) should not be
ingested.
Drug interactions
None documented. However, the potential for preparations of celery to interact
with other medicines administered concurrently, particularly those with similar
or opposing effects, should be considered.
Pregnancy and lactation Celery fruit is reputed to affect the menstrual cycle and
to be abortifacient.(G30) Uterine stimulant activity has been documented for
the oil,(G22,G30) and the use of celery fruits is contra-indicated during
pregnancy.(G49) This does not refer to celery stems that are commonly ingested
as a food, although excessive consumption should be avoided. It is not known
whether constituents of celery fruit appear in breast milk.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
CELERY SEED (FRUIT)
The drug should
not be used during pregnancy. Also, because of the kidney-irritating effect of
the volatile oil, the drug should not be administered to individuals with
kidney infections.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Pregnancy category is 3;
Breastfeeding category is 3A. Celery seeds should not be given to
children except as a food source. Persons with allergies to birch or mugwort
and those with kidney infl ammation should never use celery products.
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS
CNS: Central
nervous system depression
GU: Uterine
stimulation
INTEG: Dermatitis,
phototoxic bullous lesions (birch-celery syndrome)
SYST: Hypersensitivity
reactions, anaphylaxis, angioedema
INTERACTIONS
Drug
Anticoagulants, antiplatelets: When given with celery, there is an increased risk of
bleeding (theoretical) (Jellin et al, 2008).
Antihypertensives, diuretics: Celery may increase the effect of these products.
CNS depressants: When
used with celery, effects may be increased (theoretical) (Jellin et al, 2008).
Thyroid replacement: Celery may decrease the effect of thyroid hormone replacement
(Jellin et al, 2008).
Herb
Anticoagulant/antiplatelet herbs (angelica, anise, arnica, bogbean, boldo, capsicum,
chamomile, clove, fenugreek, feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng [Panax],
horse chestnut, horseradish, licorice, meadowsweet, prickly ash, onion,
passionfl ower, poplar, red clover, turmeric, willow): When used with celery there is an increased risk
of bleeding (Jellin et al, 2008).
SIDE-EFFECTS, TOXICITY
None documented. However, there is a lack of clinical safety and
toxicity data for celery fruit and further investigation of these aspects is
required. Photosensitivity reactions have been reported as a result of external
contact with celery stems.(20, 21, G51) These reactions have been attributed to
the furanocoumarin constituents which are known to possess photosensitising
properties.(11, 22) The concentrations of these compounds are reported to
increase considerably in diseased celery stems.(11, 22) It is thought that
psoralen, the most potent phototoxic furanocoumarin, acts as a transient
precursor for other furanocoumarins and does not accumulate in celery.(5, 11)
Instances of allergic and anaphylactic reactions to celery have also
been documented(23) following oral ingestion of the stems.(24) Celery allergy
is reported to be mediated by IgE antibodies and an association between pollen
and celery allergy has been postulated, although the common antigen has not
been determined.(25) Crosssensitivities to celery have been documented in
patients with existing allergies to dandelion and wild carrot.(G51)
Acute LD50 values (rats, by mouth; rabbits, dermal) have been reported
as greater than 5 g/kg body weight.(26) Celery seed oil is stated to be
non-irritant, non-phototoxic and non-sensitising in humans.(26, G58)
EFFECTS: CELERY ROOT
In
animal tests, a sedative and anticonvulsive effect was demonstrated; a diuretic
effect could not be proven. The essential oil contained in the drug had a
mildly inhibiting effect on bacteria and fungi.
CLIENT CONSIDERATIONS
ASSESS
·
Assess the reason the client is
using celery medicinally.
·
Assess for hypersensitivity
reactions, including birch-celery syndrome and anaphylaxis.
·
Assess the client’s level of
consciousness; central nervous system depression can occur.
ADMINISTER
·
Instruct the client that celery
seeds and juice are used to treat different conditions.
TEACH CLIENT/FAMILY
·
Inform the client that
pregnancy category is 3 and breastfeeding category is 3A.
·
Caution the client not to use
celery products in children except as a food source.
·
Inform clients with allergies
to birch or mugwort, and those with kidney infl ammation, never to use celery
products.
·
Advise the client to stay out
of the sun or to wear protective clothing when using celery products. Psoralen,
one of the chemical components of celery, may cause a phototoxic rash.
PREPARATIONS
PROPRIETARY MULTI-INGREDIENT
PREPARATIONS
Australia:
Arthritic Pain Herbal Formula 1; Boswellia Complex; Devils Claw Plus; Fluid
Loss; Guaiacum Complex; Lifesystem Herbal Formula 1 Arthritic Aid. Canada: Herbal
Diuretic. India: Flexi-muv. Malaysia: Celery Plus. UK: Mixed Vegetable Tablets;
Modern Herbals Rheumatic Pain; Napiers Backache Tea; Rheumatic Pain; Rheumatic
Pain Tablets; Sciatica Tablets; Vegetex.
EXTRACTS
Extracts
antiedemic, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive. LD50 >5000
mg/kg orl rat (CAN). Juice choleretic. Chamomile is a better source of the
COX-2 inhibitor apigenin (to 0.8% ZMB), but celery stalks may contain to 0.2%, making
it the best food farmacy source (COX). Celery seed oil bacteriostatic against Bacillus
pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Pseudomonas
solanacearum, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus albus,
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Vibrio
cholerae. The seed oil shows a chemotactic effect and cercaricidal
activity of the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni (SPI).
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Medicines Third Edition. Pharmaceutical Press. Auckland and
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Duke, J. A. with Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi duCellier, Peggy-Ann K.
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Gruenwald, J., Brendler,
T., Jaenicke, Ch. 2000. PDR for Herbal
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Linda S-Roth. 2010. Mosby’s Handbook Of Herbs & Natural
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